Key J

Jagat Seths: were the most important among the bankers of Bengal in the eighteenth century before overthrow of Mir Qasim by the English.

Jahangir: He allowed the English to begin their trade at Surat through a farman granted to Sir Thomas Roe.

Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan: was the slogan given by Lal Bahadur Shastri during Indo-Pak war of 1965.

Jainism: was founded by Mahavir. He was born in Vaishali. According to Jainism "strict moral conduct and virtuous life is the way to "salvation". Tri-ratna or the Three jewels in Jainism are (1) right intentions, (2) right knowledge and (3) right conduct&endash;an absolutely stainless life.

Jainism had the patronage of Kharavela, the ruler of Kalinga who reigned during the 1st Century B.C.

Jaipal: Raja of Bhatinda, was defeated for the first time by Mahmud of Ghazni.

Jaipur: called the 'Pink City' is capital of Rajasthan. It was founded by Sawai Jai Singh.

Jajmani System in rural India: The reasons for the break of Jajmani system in rural India are (1) monetization of economy and commercialisation of agriculture, and (2) increase of caste consciousness among the artisans and the peasants.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre: It occurred at Amritsar on April 13, 1919 during the Viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford.
Rabindranath Tagore renounced the Knighthood as a protest against this tragedy.

jana: A number of grama formed the jana or tribe whose leader was janapati.

Jatakas: These stories were written in Pali language.

Jatin Das: was a well-known Indian revolutionary who died in jail while on hunger strike.

Jazia: was abolished by Akbar.

Jehangir: Painting reached its climax during the reign of Jehangir.

Jija Bai: was the name of Shivaji's mother.

Jimutavahana: was a famous jurist of medieval India (fifteenth century). His work Dayabhaga is a commentary on the srutis, specially on Manu. It was once part of a great compilation called the Dharma-Ratna. This commentary represents the source of the Gauriya school of Bengal and Assam.

Jina: In Jainism, the supreme souls whose lives should be followed as example to the best are referred to as Jina.

Jital: was a copper coin of the Sultanate period of India.

Johar: Johar culture was developed by the Rajputs.

John Morley: the radical thinker, whom the Labour Party in Britain considered a suitable spokesman of their opinions, was appointed the Secretary of State for India in 1906.

Justin: His accounts are useful for reconstructing the history of Chandragupta Maurya.